Total Knee Replacement: Restoring Mobility and Quality of Life

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Total Knee Replacement (TKR), also known as total knee arthroplasty, is a highly successful surgical procedure performed to relieve severe knee pain and restore function in patients with advanced knee joint damage. It is most commonly recommended when conservative treatments fail to provide adequate relief and knee pain significantly affects daily activities and quality of life.

What is Total Knee Replacement?

Total Knee Replacement is a surgical procedure in which the damaged cartilage and bone of the knee joint are removed and replaced with artificial components (prosthesis) made of metal alloys and medical-grade plastic. These components replicate the natural movement of the knee, allowing smooth, pain-free motion.

The knee joint has three compartments, and in advanced arthritis, all compartments may be affected. In such cases, total knee replacement is the most effective treatment option.

Indications for Total Knee Replacement

TKR is recommended for patients suffering from:

• Osteoarthritis: Age-related wear and tear of knee cartilage
• Rheumatoid arthritis: Inflammatory joint disease
• Post-traumatic arthritis: Arthritis following injury or fracture
• Severe knee deformity: Bow-legged or knock-knee conditions
• Chronic pain and stiffness: Limiting walking, climbing stairs, or daily activities

The Surgical Procedure

Total knee replacement is performed under spinal or general anesthesia. During the procedure:

• Damaged bone and cartilage are removed from the femur, tibia, and patella
• The joint surfaces are reshaped
• Artificial components are precisely positioned and fixed
• Proper alignment and balance of the knee are ensured

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is essential for successful outcomes:

• Patients usually begin walking within 24 hours of surgery
• Hospital stay typically lasts 3–5 days
• Physiotherapy focuses on regaining strength, flexibility, and range of motion
• Most patients resume daily activities within 4–6 weeks
• Full recovery may take 3–6 months, depending on individual progress

Benefits of Total Knee Replacement

• Significant pain relief
• Improved mobility and function
• Correction of knee deformity
• Enhanced quality of life
• Long-lasting results, with implants lasting 15–20 years or more

Risks and Complications

Although TKR is a safe and effective procedure, potential risks include:

• Infection
• Blood clots
• Implant loosening or wear
• Knee stiffness
• Nerve or blood vessel injury

Total Knee Replacement is a reliable and life-changing procedure for patients with severe knee arthritis. With advances in surgical techniques, implant design, and rehabilitation protocols, TKR offers excellent pain relief, improved mobility, and long-term success, enabling patients to return to an active and fulfilling life.